PLANTS TO ENCOURAGE WILDLIFE
The following is a list of plants we particularly recommend for attracting wildlife to your garden. Some varieties will provide shelter, nesting sites and food for birds, and others are excellent for attracting bees and butterflies.
TREES:- Crataegus,Malus,Prunus,Sorbus
SHRUBS:- Aucuba,Berberis,Buddleia,Callicarpa,Ceanothus,
Chaenomeles,Cistus,Clerodendrum,Cotoneaster,Cytisus,Daphne,
Eleagnus,Escallonia,Euonymus(deciduous),Fuchsia,Hebe,
Hippophae,Hypericum,Ilex,Lavandula,Ligustrum,Mahonia,
Olearia,Pernettya,Perovskia,Potentilla,Pyracantha,Rhus,Ribes
odoratum,Rosa,Skimmia,Spiraea,Symphoricarpos,Syringa,Ulex,
Viburnum,Weigela
TREES AND SHRUBS FOR COASTAL AREAS
In warm areas other plants such as Mediterranean shrubs will thrive while in colder areas some of the below may struggle.
Plants which struggle in the open may do well in shelter against a wall, building, fence etc. This list is by no means exhaustive.
Those marked * tolerant of full exposure to salt laden winds.
TREES:-Acer platanoides(Norway Maple), *Acer pseudoplatanus (Sycamore),*Alnus glutinosa (Alder), Betula pendula(Birch),Castanea sativa (Sweet Chestnut), Crataegus oxycantha cvs. (Hawthorn) *Crataegus prunifolia, *Cupressus macrocarpa,*Eucalyptus gunnii, *Fraxinus excelsior(Ash), Laburnum spp., Picea abies, *Pinus contorta,*Pinus mugo,*Pinus nigra
*Populus alba,*Quercus Ilex,Salix (most) (Willow), Sorbus aucuparia,*Thuja plicata
SHRUBS:-Arbutus unedo,Aucuba japonica, *Brachyglottis (Senecio) "Sunshine", Buddleia davidii cvs., Caragana arborescens,Caryopteris clandonensis,Ceanothus"Gloire de Versailles", Choisya ternata,Cistus spp., Cordyline australis, Cotoneaster"Cornubia",Cotoneaster horizontalis, Cotoneaster x Watererii,Cytisus spp.and cvs., Eleagnus x ebbingei,Eleagnus pungens cvs., Escallonia spp. and cvs., *Eleagnus angustifolia, Erica arborea, Erica lusitanica, *Escallonia macrantha, *Euonymus fortunei cvs.,*Euonymus japonica cvs.,Fuchsia magellanica and cvs., Garrya elliptica, Genista(most), Halimium spp., *Griselinia littoralis, *Hebe salicifolia,Hebe spp. and cvs.,Helianthemum cvs.,Helichrysum spp., *Hippophae rhamnoides(Sea Buckthorn), Hydrangea spp. and cvs., Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora,Ilex aquifolium and cvs.,Ilex x altaclarensis and cvs., Lavandula cvs.,Lavatera cvs., Lonicera pileata, Lonicera ledebouri, Lupinus arboreus,*Olearia spp., Ozothamnus spp., Parahebe, Phlomis fruticosa, Phormium, Pittosporum spp. and cvs.,*Prunus spinosa (Blackthorn),Pyracantha,Rosmarinus officianalis, Rosa rugosa,Rosa spinosissima,Salix caprea, Sambucus nigra and cvs.,Santolina spp. and cvs.,Spiraea(most),*Spartium junceum, *Tamarix spp.,Viburnum spp.(especially evergreen),Yucca
CLIMBING PLANTS AND WALL SHRUBS:- Camellia japonica cvs. Camellia x williamsii cvs.,Campsis radicans, Campsis grandiflora, Ceanothus spp. and cvs.,Clematis montana cvs., Clematis orientalis,Clematis tangutica,Clematis Hybrids(some),Fallopia (Polygonum)aubertii, Garrya elliptica, Jasminum nudiflorum,Lonicera spp. and cvs.,Phygelius capensis,Pyracantha spp. and cvs.,
HEDGING PLANTS :- Cotoneaster simonsii, Crataegus monogyna(Hawthorn), Eleagnus X ebbingei,Eleagnus"Limelight", Eleagnus pungens cvs.,Escallonia spp. and cvs.,Euonymus japonicus spp. and cvs.,Fuchsia magellanica cvs., Griselinia littoralis and cvs., Hebe (some),Ilex aquifolium (Holly),Laurus nobilis(Bay Laurel),Lavendula spp and cvs.,Olearia haastii, Pittosporum tenuifolium, Prunus spinosa, Rosmarinus officianalis,Rosa rugosa,Rosa spinosissima
FRAGRANT PLANTS
F = Fragrant flowers
L =Aromatic leaves
TREES:- Acacia dealbata[Mimosa](F), Aesculus hippocastanum [Horse Chestnut](F), Crataegus monogyna [Hawthorn](F), Laburnum alpinum(F), Laburnum x watereri(F), Magnolia kobus(F),Malus floribunda(F), Malus "Hopa"(F), Malus hupehensis(F), Malus "Profusion"(F), Prunus yedoensis and cvs.(F), Robinia pseudoacacia and cvs.(F), Styrax japonica(F), Tilia[Limes](most F)
SHRUBS:- Abelia chinensis(F), Artemisia(L), Berberis stenophylla(F), Berberis buxifolia(F), Buddleia alternifolia(F), Buddleia crispa(F), Buddleia davidii(F), Buddleia globosa(F), Buddleia"Lochinch"(F), Buxus sempervirens and cvs.(F), Camellia sasanqua cvs.(F), Carpenteria californica(F), Caryopteris clandonensis(L), Ceanothus "Gloire de Versailles"(F), Chimonanthus praecox(F), Choisya ternata(F,L), Clerodendron bungei(F), Clerodendron trichotomum(F), Clethra alnifolia(F), Coronilla glauca(F), Corylopsis spp.(F), Cytisus battandieri(F), Cytisus preacox(F), Cytisus purgans(F), Daphne spp.(F), Deutzia x elegantissima cvs.(F), Eleagnus angustifolia(F), Eleagnus commutata(F), Eleagnus x ebbingei(F), Erica arborea "Alpina"(F),Erica x darleyensis cvs.(F), Erica lusitanica(F), Erica x veitchii(F), Escallonia macrantha(L), Fothergilla cvs.(F), Hamamelis spp.(F), Itea ilicifolia(F), Itea virginica(F), Jasminum humile "Revolutum"(F),Laurus nobilis(L), Lavandula spp.(F,L), Ligustrum[All](F), Lonicera fragrantissima(F), Magnolia grandiflora(F), Magnolia sieboldii(F), Magnolia sinensis(F), Magnolia x soulangiana and cvs.(F), Magnolia stellata(F), Mahonia spp.(F), Myrtus communis(F,L), Osmanthus spp.(F), x Osmarea burkwoodii(F), Perovskia atriplicifolia(L), Philadelphus spp.(F), Phlomis fruticosa(L), Pittosporum tobira(F), Ptelea trifoliata(F), Pyracantha[All](F), Rhododendron-deciduous Azaleas(F), Ribes alpinum(F), Ribes odoratum(F), Romneya[All](F), Rosa spp.and cvs.(F,some L), Rosmarinus officianalis(L), Rubus tridel Benenden (F) Santolina spp.(L), Sarcococca[All](F), Skimmia japonica "Rubella"(F), Skimmia japonica "Fragrans"(F), Spartium junceum(F),Syringa spp.(F), Ulex europaeus(F), Viburnum bodnantense(F), Viburnum x burkwoodii(F), Viburnum x carlcephalum(F), Viburnum carlesii(F), Viburnum fragrans(F), Viburnum x juddii(F), Yucca filamentosa(F), Yucca flaccida(F)
CLIMBERS:- Akebia quinata(F), Clematis armandii(F), Clematis cirrhosa(F), Clematis flammula(F), Clematis montana and forms(F), Jasminum beesianum(F), Jasminumcaprifolium(F), Lonicera x heckrotii(F), Lonicera japonica and cvs.(F), Lonicera periclymenum and cvs(F) Wisteria[All](F)
PERENNIALS AND BULBS:- Acidanthera(F), Cheiranthus(F),
Convallaria(F), Dianthus(F), Dictamnus(F) Freesia(F), Geranium(L), Hesperis(F),
Hyacinthus(F), Hyssopus(L), Iris(F), Lathyrus(F), Lilium(F), Matthiola(F), Mentha(L) Monarda(L), Narcissus(F), Nepeta(L), Origanum(L), Primula(F), Thymus(L), Viola(F)
FLOWERING TREES AND SHRUBS FOR EVERY MONTH
JANUARY
TREES:- Acacia dealbata
SHRUBS:_ Camellia sasanqua and cvs.,Chimonanthus praecox,
Erica carnea and cvs., Erica x darleyensis and cvs., Garrya elliptica, Hamamelis (many), Jasminum nudiflorum, Lonicera fragrantissima, Lonicera standishi, lonicera x purpusii,
Sarcococca(many), Viburnum x bodnantense and cvs., Viburnum
farreri, Viburnum tinus
FEBRUARY
TREES:- Acacia dealbata,Magnolia campbelli,Populus tremula, Prunus incisa "Praecox", Prunus mume and cvs.,Rhododendron arboreum,Sorbus megalocarpa
SHRUBS:- Camellia sasanqua and cvs., Cornus mas, Daphne mezereum, Daphne odora, Erica carnea and cvs.,Erica x darleyensis and cvs., Garrya elliptica, Hamamelis(many), Jasminum nudiflorum, Lonicera fragrantissima, Lonicera setifera Lonicera standishii, Lonicera x purpusii, mahonia japonica, Pachysandra terminalis. Rhododendron dauricum, Rhododendron
mucronulatum, Sarcococca (many), Ulex europaeus, Viburnum x bodnantense and cvs., Viburnum farreri, Viburnum tinus
MARCH
TREES:- Acer rubrum,Magnolia(several),Prunus(several),
Salix(many)
SHRUBS:- Camellia japonica and cvs.,Camellia sasanqua and cvs., Chaenomeles(several), Corylopsis pauciflora, Daphne mezereum, Erica carnea and cvs.,Erica x darleyensis and cvs.,
Erica lusitanica, Erica erigena and cvs., Erica x veitchii, Forsythia
(several), Lonicera setifera, Magnolia stellata, Mahonia aquifolium, Mahonia japonica, Osmanthus(several), Pachysandra terminalis, Prunus(several), Rhododendron(several), Salix(many), Stachyurus praecox, ulex europaeus, Viburnum tinus and cvs.
APRIL
TREES:- Acer platanoides, Amelanchier(several), Magnolia kobus, Magnolia x loebneri and cvs.,Malus(several),Prunus (many)
SHRUBS:- Amelanchier(several), Berberis darwinii, Berberislinearifolia, Berberis x
lologensis,Camellia japonica and cvs.,Camellia x williamsii and cvs., Chaenomeles(many), Corylopsis, Cytisus(several), Daphn e(several), Erica (several), Forsythia (many) Kerria japonica and cvs.,Magnolia x soulangiana and cvs., Magnolia stellata, Mahonia aquifolium, Osmanthus delavayi,x Osmarea burkwoodii,Phillyrea decora,Pieris floribunda,Pieris japonica and cvs.,Prunus(many),Rhododendron(many), Ribes(many),Spiraea arguta, Spiraea thunbergii, Viburnum(many)
CLIMBERS:- Clematis alpina,Clematis armandii
MAY
TREES:- Aesculus(many), Cercis(several), Cornus nuttallii, Crataegus(many), Davidia involucrata, Embrothium coccineum Fraxinus(Ornus), Halesia, Laburnum anagyroides, Laburnum
x watereri, Malus(many), Paulownia tomentosa, Prunus(many), Pyrus,sorbus(many)
SHRUBS:- Camellia japonica cvs.(several), Ceanothus(several), Chaenomeles(several), Choisya ternata, Cornus florida and cvs., Cotoneaster(many), Cytisus(many), Daphne(many), Dipelta
floribunda, Enkianthus, Erica (several), Exochorda, Genista (many) Halesia, Helianthemum, Kerria japonica and cvs., Kolkwitzia amabilis, Ledum, Lonicera (many), Magnolia liliflora, Magnolia soulangiana, Paeonia, Piptanthus laburnifolius, Potentilla(many)
Pyracantha (many), Rhododendron (many), Rosa (many),
CLIMBERS:- Clematis(many),Lonicera(many),Wisteria
JUNE
TREES:- Aesculus (several), Crataegus(many), Embothrium coccineum, Laburnum alpinum,Laburnum x watereri,Magnolia cordata,Magnolia fraseri,Magnoliaobovata,Robinia(several), Styrax
SHRUBS:- Abelia(several), Buddleia globosa, Cistus (many), Colutea, Cornus kousa,Cotoneaster(many),Cytisus(many),Deutzia
Erica ciliaris and cvs.,Erica cinerea and cvs.,Erica tetralix and cvs.,Escallonia(many),Genista(many),x Halimiocistus,Halimium
Hebe(many),Helianthemum,Hydrangea(several),Kalmia,
Kolkwitzia amabilis,Lonicera(several),Magnolia virginiana, Neillia,Olearia(several),Ozothamnus,Paeonia,Penstemon(several
Philadelphus(many),Potentilla,Rhododendron(many),Rosa(many
Rubus(many),Spartium junceum,Spiraea(many),Staphylea,
Syringa(many),Viburnum(many),Weigela
CLIMBERS:- Clematis(many),Jasminum(several),Lonicera(many),Wisteria
JULY
TREES:- Aesculus indica, Castanea sativa, Catalpa, Eucryphia (many), Koelreuteria paniculata,Liriodendron tulipfera
Magnolia delavayi,Magnolia grandiflora and cvs.,Stewartia
SHRUBS:- Buddleia davidii and cvs.,Calluna vulgaris and cvs.,
Cistus(many), Colutea,Daboecia cantabrica and cvs., Erica ciliaris and cvs., Erica cinerea and cvs., Erica tetralix and cvs., Erica vagans and cvs., Escallonia (many), Hebe(many), Fuchsia(many)
Hoheria,Holodiscus,Hydrangea(many),Hypericum(many),
Indigofera(several),Lavandula spica and cvs.,Olearia(several),
Penstemon(several),Philadelphus(several),Potentilla(many),
Rhododendron(several),Romneya
CLIMBERS:- Clematis(many),Eccremocarpus scaber,
Jasminum(several),Lonicera(many),Passiflora(several),
Polygonum,Schizophragma,Solanum,Trachelospermum
AUGUST
TREES:- Catalpa bignonioides,Eucryphia(several), Koelreuteria
paniculata,Ligustrum lucidum,Magnolia delavayi,Magnolia
grandiflora,Stewartia
SHRUBS:- Buddleia(many),Calluna vulgaris and cvs., Caryopteris(several),Ceanothus(several),Ceratostigma willmottianum,Clerodendrum,Clethra(several),Colutea,Daboecia
cantabrica and cvs., Erica cilkiaris ciliaris and cvs.,Erica cinerea and cvs., Erica tetralix and cvs.,Erica vagans and cvs., Fuchsia(many),Genista tinctoria and cvs.,Hibiscus(several), Hydrangea(several),Hypericum(many),Indigofera(several),Itea
ilicifolia,Lavandula spica and cvs.,Myrtus(several),Olearia(many
Perovskia,Potentilla,Romneya,Rosa(many),
CLIMBERS:- Berberidopsis corallina,Campsis,Clematis(many),
Eccremocarpus scaber,Jasminum(several),Lonicera(many),
Lapageria rosea,Passiflora(several),Pileostegia viburnoides
Polygonum,Solanum
SEPTEMBER
TREES:- Eucryphia x nymanensis and cvs.,Magnolia grandiflora and cvs.
SHRUBS:- Abelia chinensis,Abelia x grandiflora,Aralia elata
Buddleia(several),Calluna vulgaris and cvs.,Caryopteris(several),
Ceratostigma griffithii,Ceratostigma willmottianum, Clerodendron bungei,Clerodendron trichotum,Colutea(several)
Daboecia cantabrica and cvs., Erica ciliaris and cvs., Erica cinerea(some), Erica terminalis, Erica tetralix and cvs.,Erica vagans and cvs.,Elsholtzia stauntonii,Fuchsia(several), Hebe(several),Hibiscus(several),Hydrangea(several),Hypericum
Genista tinctoria and cvs.,Indigofera(several),Lespedeza thunbergii,Leycesteria formosa,Perovskia,Potentilla(most),
Romneya
CLIMBERS:- Campsis, Clematis(several), Eccremocarpus scaber, Jasminum(several), Lapageria rosea,Passiflora(several),
Pileostegia viburnoides,Polygonum(several),Solanum crispum
"Glasnevin"
OCTOBER
TREES:- Magnolia grandiflora and cvs.
SHRUBS:- Abelia x grandiflora,Calluna vulgaris cvs.(several),
Ceratostigma griffithi,Ceratostigma willmottianum,Erica carnea
"Eileen Porter",Erica vagans cvs.(several),Fatsia japonica, Fuchsia(several),Hibiscus(several),Hydrangea(several),
Hypericum(several),Lespedeza thunbergii,Mahonia x media cvs.,
Potentilla(several)
CLIMBERS:- Clematis(several),Eccremocarpos scaber, Lapageria scaber,Polygonum(several)
NOVEMBER
TREES:- Prunus subhirtella "Autumnalis"
SHRUBS:- Calluna vulgaris cvs.(few),Erica carnea "Eileen Porter",Jasminum nudiflorum,Lonicera standishii,Mahonia x media and cvs.,Viburnum x bodnantense and cvs.,Viburnum Farreri
DECEMBER
TREES:- Prunus subhirtella "Autumnalis"
SHRUBS:- Erica carnea(several cvs.),Erica x darleyensis
"Silberschmelze",Hamamelis mollis,Jasminum nudiflorum,
Lonicera fragrantissima,Lonicera x purpusii,Lonicera standishii,
Mahonia x media and cvs.,Viburnum x bodnantense and cvs.,
Viburnum farreri,viburnum tinus
PLANTS FOR DAMP SITES
Although these plants will grow in damp soil VERY FEW will tolerate permanently waterlogged ground especially in winter.
Here is a small example of different types of plants for damp areas, this list is by no means exhausted.
TREES:- Alnus[all](Alders),Amelanchier,Betula [many](Birch),Crataegus monogyna (Hawthorn), Mespilus(Medlar),
Populus[all](Poplar),Pyrus communis (Pear), Quercus palustris(Pin Oak), Salix[all](Willow),Sorbus aucuparia and cvs.(Rowan),
SHRUBS:- Amelanchier lamarckii, Aronia,Cornus alba and cvs., Cornus stolonifera and cvs.,Gaultheria shallon, Hippophae rhamnoides, Physocarpus opulifolius and cvs.,prunus spinosa and cvs., Salix caprea and cvs., Salix integra and cvs., Salix purpurea and cvs. Salix repens and cvs., Sambucus [all] (Elders)
Sorbaria, Spiraea billiardii and cvs., Spiraea x vanhouttei, Symphoricarpos Vaccinium [all], Viburnum opulus cvs.
CONIFERS:- Metasequoia glyptostroboides and cvs., Picea sitchensis, Taxodium distichum and cvs.,
BAMBOOS:- Most
PERENNIALS, FERNS and GRASSES:- Aruncus,Astilbe,Caltha,Camassia,Carex,Filipendula,GunneraHosta,Houttuynia,
Lobelia[some], Iris ,Juncus, Lysimachia, Lythrum, Matteucia, Mimulus, Onoclea,
Osmunda, Polygonum, Primula, Ranunculus, Rodgersia, Sanguisorba,
Scrophularia, Sisyrinchium, Symphytum, Trollius, Zantedeschia
PLANTS FOR GROUND COVER
Ground cover plants provide greenery beneath taller shrubs and trees.
They also provide cover for hiding tree stumps, unsightly objects such as manhole covers, edge shrubberies, and cover banks where maintenance is difficult.
Although they will help to control annual weeds, perennial weeds such as docks, couch grass, brambles and nettles must be sprayed or removed
before planting.
SHRUBS:- Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Buxus microphylla, Buxus sempervirens "Prostrata", Calluna vulgaris and cvs.,Ceanothus
"Blue Mound", Ceanothus divergens, Ceanothus thyrsiflorus repens, Cornus canadensis,Cotoneaster(many) including adpressus, dammeri, horizontalis, microphyllus and cvs., salicifolia "Repens", "Skogholm", Cytisus x beanii, Cytisus decumbens,
Cytisus kewensis, Cytisus scoparius "Prostratus", Daboecia
cantabrica and cvs., Empetrum nigrum, Erica(many), Euonymus fortunei cvs., Gaultheria(most), x Gaulnettya wisleyensis, Hebe(many) including albicans,"Carl Teschner",carnosula, pinguifolia "Pagei", rakaiensis, Hedera(all), Helianthemum Hypericum calycinum, Hypericum x moseranum, Jasminum nudiflorum, Leucothoe fontanesiana and cvs., Lithospermum diffusum, Mahonia nervosa, Mahonia repens, Pachysandra and cvs., Pernettya buxifolia, Pernettya prostrata, Potentilla fruticosa "Beesii",Potentilla mandschurica, Rhododendron(some) including Evergreen Azaleas(some), Ribes alpinum "Pumilum", Ribes laurifolium, Rosa(many),Rosmarinus lavendulaceus, Rubus calycinoides, Rubus tricolor, Salix cottetii, Salix myrsinites, Salix repens and cvs., Salix uva-ursi, Santolina, Sarcococca humilis, Stephandra incisa "Crispa", Symphoricarpos x chenaultii, Symphoricarpos "Hancock", Vaccinium(many), Viburnum davidii, Vinca
CONIFERS:- Juniperus communis depressa and cvs., Juniperus
comm. "Hornibrookii", Juniperus comm. "Repanda", Juniperus
conferta, Juniperus horizontalis and forms, Juniperus x media
"Old Gold", Juniperus sabina tamariscifolia, Picea abies "Repens", Podocarpus alpinus, Podocarpus nivalis, Taxus baccata "Repandens",Taxus baccata "Repens Aurea"
BAMBOOS:- Arundinaria vagans,Sasa veitchii,Shibataea kumasasa
PERENNIALS:- Acaena, Ajuga, Aubrieta, Bergenia, Brunnera,
Dianthus, Dryas, Geranium, Hosta, Lamium, Oxalis, Phlox, Polygonum, Potentilla, Pulmonaria, Saponaria, Saxifraga, Sedum Stachys, Tellima, Thymus, Tolmiea, Veronica
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